Module: Solar modules for an SHS range between 20-60 Wp. Solar home systems are mounted on a rooftop or atop a pole so that they can get sunlight. The module type can be crystalline or thin-film.

Battery: An electrochemical storage battery is used to store the electricity converted by the solar module. During the day, electricity from the module charges the storage battery. This energy that is stored up is what is used to run your home electric needs. During the evening, the battery is discharged to power lights and other applications. Batteries are typically 12-volt lead-acid batteries, ranging in capacity from 20-100 Amp-Hours (Ah). Batteries are typically sized to provide several days of electricity or "autonomy", in the event that overcast weather prevents recharging.

If you are in doubt of what type of battery to get for your SHS, then go with deep-cycle batteries; they are best for an SHS, as they are designed to operate over larger ranges of charge levels. While car batteries are only designed to be discharged 15% of their maximum charge, deep-cycle batteries can be discharged to 70-80% without incurring damage. Both deep-cycle and automotive batteries are typically used, as they are readily available throughout the developing world. Car batteries have a 3-5 year lifetime; deep-cycle, both sealed and unsealed, can last 7-10 years. They cost a little more, but their return for the money is better.
Charge Controller: A charge controller is another part of the SHS, and it is utilized to control the flow of electricity between the module, battery, and the loads. It prevents battery damage by ensuring that the battery is operating within its normal charge levels. The way the charge controller works is if the charge level in the battery falls below a certain level, a low voltage disconnect (LVD) will cut the current to the loads, to prevent further discharge. Likewise, it will also cut the current from the module in cases of overcharging. Indicator lights on the controller display the relative state of charge of the battery, which will let you know whether or not your electricity usage is low enough to be supported by the sun.

Lights: Compact fluorescent lightbulbs as well as fluorescent tube lights are used for lighting. An SHS normally includes two to six lights that are compatible with the system and that best utilize the energy from the system for the longest lighting time for the least amount of energy. By utilizing efficient fluorescent lighting, an SHS can provide substantially higher lighting levels than would be possible with incandescent lighting. A 9 watt CFL provides equivalent illumination to a 60 watt incandescent bulb.

Wiring & Mounting: An SHS also contains additional materials for mounting and connections. Metal frames are included to attach the PV Modules to a pole or roof. SHS components are connected by wires and contain switches for the lights. In some cases, wiring is housed inside conduit attached to interior walls.

These are the main parts of a typical solar home system. Some variations will occur from model to model, but the idea is basically the same.